Graphical user interface for emergency apparatus and method for operating same

ABSTRACT

A communications system for emergency services personnel can include portable devices to be carried by emergency services personnel while at an emergency site. The portable devices each may have at least a first transceiver configured to communicate over a first network and the portable devices are configured to communicate with one another. The system may also include a portable gateway apparatus. The portable gateway apparatus may have a portable computer having a graphical user interface (GUI) and a PCMCIA or smaller card that itself includes at least a first radio. The first radio is configured to communicate over the first network to obtain status information from the portable devices carried by the emergency services personnel. The GUI is configured to communicate with the PCMCIA card to display a node map indicating communication links between the portable devices carried by the emergency services personnel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a network and communicationsystem used by emergency personnel and more particularly to a networkand communication system for use therewith.

Firefighter or other first response personnel systems with combinationlocation/tracking, electronics and sensor monitoring indoors/outdoorsare very helpful in emergencies. It is very desirable for an incidentcommander to be in contact with his/her personnel and to monitor theirlocation, the electronic sensors and electromechanical equipment theycarry with tracking capabilities at the scene of an emergency.Conventional systems have relied on personnel arriving at the scene ofan emergency and deploying temporary stationary transceivers, such asbeacons, repeaters and antennas inside and outside a building orstructure in order to relay information to a central base station. Thedeployment of these stationary transceivers is necessary to relayinformation to/from personnel in the building. Further, the stationarytransceivers are sometimes used to triangulate the personnel's location.

However, stationary transceivers are large, heavy and require largeamounts of power. Additionally, stationary transceivers, once deployed,are difficult to recover or find after the emergency is over, becausestationary transceivers are typically lost or destroyed by thefirefighters, emergency, or military personnel on the scene. Further,deployment of such stationary transceivers is time consuming and isoften not practical under typical emergency circumstances. Also, anincident command officer on the scene may need to have instantcommunication to and from emergency services personnel on the scene. Thelocation of the central base station may not be convenient for anincident command officer to obtain all of the information needed toefficiently perform his tasks or to obtain this information in a usefulformat. In addition, sensor monitoring systems used by emergencyservices personnel are usually provided with logging systems to logessential or legally required information when in use. This informationmust be downloaded and archived after use of these systems. Knownarchiving systems are inconvenient in that they require a physicalconnection between the sensor monitoring system and the archivingsystem.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Thus, in one aspect, some configurations of the present inventionprovide a communications system for emergency services personnel. Thesystem can include portable devices to be carried by emergency servicespersonnel while at an emergency site. The portable devices each may haveat least a first transceiver configured to communicate over a firstnetwork and the portable devices are configured to communicate with oneanother. The system may also include a portable gateway apparatus. Theportable gateway apparatus may have a portable computer having agraphical user interface (GUI) and a PCMCIA or smaller card that itselfincludes at least a first radio. The first radio is configured tocommunicate over the first network to obtain status information from theportable devices carried by the emergency services personnel. The GUI isconfigured to communicate with the PCMCIA card to display a node mapindicating communication links between the portable devices carried bythe emergency services personnel.

In another aspect, some configurations of the present invention providea method for displaying status of a plurality of emergency servicespersonnel carrying portable devices. The portable devices each may haveat least a first transceiver configured to communicate over a firstnetwork. The portable devices may also be configured to communicate withone another. The method may include utilizing a portable gatewayapparatus that includes a portable computer and a PCMCIA or smallercard. The card may include at least a first radio that is configured tocommunicate over the first network to obtain status information from theportable devices carried by the emergency services personnel. Thecommunication is provided to cause to display, on a GUI, a node mapindicating communication links between the portable devices carried bythe emergency services personnel.

It will be appreciated that some configurations of the present inventionprovide a small apparatus that an incident command officer on the scenemay use to obtain information needed to efficiently perform his tasksand to obtain this information in a useful format. In addition, in someconfigurations, sensor monitoring systems used by emergency servicespersonnel that are provided with logging systems can have their logfiles downloaded and archived without requiring a physical connectionbetween the sensor monitoring system and the archiving system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further features, embodiments, and advantages of the present inventionwill become apparent from the following detailed description withreference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a high-level block diagram of an exemplary system formed inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary integrated system carriedby a firefighter or another emergency services worker formed inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of some of the components of FIG. 2,illustrating their interconnection.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the internal computer hardware system ofone of the portable devices of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart block diagram of a data format utilized inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a drawing of a GUI display showing the status of a group offirefighters in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a drawing of a GUI display showing all nodes representingfirefighters in a mesh network in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 8 is a drawing of a GUI display showing a locator node in alarmcondition and all firefighters in a mesh network in effectivecommunication with the firefighter indicating the alarm condition, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a drawing of a GUI display showing firefighters in a meshnetwork displayed in a selected drawing of a building, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an emergency search processing sequencecarried out in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the exemplary system of FIG. 1 innormal operation, using the first wireless communications network, in atypical environment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram similar to that of FIG. 11, illustratingthe transmission of an alarm message to the portable devices.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram similar to that of FIG. 11, illustratingthe transmission of search messages from the portable devices.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram similar to that of FIG. 11, illustratingthe transmission of a reply message from the target device.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram similar to that of FIG. 11, illustratingthe transmission of messages from portable devices reportingcommunication with the target device using the second wirelesscommunications network.

FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of a communications system formed inaccordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description ofcertain embodiments of the present invention, will be better understoodwhen read in conjunction with the appended drawings. To the extent thatthe figures illustrate diagrams of the functional blocks of variousembodiments, the functional blocks are not necessarily indicative of thedivision between hardware circuitry. Thus, for example, one or more ofthe functional blocks (e.g., processors or memories) may be implementedin a single piece of hardware (e.g., a general purpose signal processoror a block or random access memory, hard disk, or the like). Similarly,programs may be stand alone programs, may be incorporated as subroutinesin an operating system, may be functions in an installed softwarepackage, and the like. It should be understood that the variousembodiments are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentalityshown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceededwith the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding pluralsaid elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly stated.Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present invention arenot intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additionalembodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Moreover, unlessexplicitly stated to the contrary, embodiments “comprising” or “having”an element or a plurality of elements having a particular property mayinclude additional such elements not having that property.

Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent likecomponents throughout the several views, embodiments of the presentinvention are next described. The following description of theembodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended tolimit the invention, its application, or uses.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary system 10 formed in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention. The system 10 includes aplurality of portable telecommunication devices 20 and a portablegateway apparatus 18 comprising a communications command gateway 12 anda laptop (or smaller, e.g., a Personal Digital Assistant [PDA] or apalmtop) computer 14. The portable devices 20 may be handheld, ormounted to/within equipment carried by emergency personnel. As will befurther explained below, each portable device 20 includes a transceiverequipped for bidirectional wireless communication with the otherportable devices 20 and with the portable gateway apparatus 18 viacommand gateway 12. The command gateway 12 includes at least one radioconfigured to communicate over at least a first network 13 to obtainstatus information from the portable devices 20 carried by the emergencyservices personnel. In this example, two radios are provided forcommunication over networks 13 and 15. The command gateway 12 isequipped for bidirectional wireless communication with each portabledevice 20 and is further equipped for communication with the a graphicaluser interface (GUI) running on laptop computer 14. Optionally, thecommand gateway 12 may be integrated into the laptop computer 14. Forexample, the command gateway 12 may represent a Personal Computer MemoryCard International Association (PCMCIA) card (or a physically smallercard) plugged into the laptop computer 14, with associated software(e.g., a GUI) running on the laptop computer 14. For example, in someconfigurations, the GUI operates on an IBM compatible laptop portablecomputer with the Microsoft Windows XP operating system. The GUI candisplay several screens to a user, as described elsewhere herein. TheGUI is or can be configured to communicate with the PCMCIA card 12 todisplay a node map indicating communication links between the portabledevices 20 carried by the emergency services personnel.

The system 10 provides a network 11, in which each portable device 20and the command gateway 12 communicate with one another. In someconfigurations, the communication occurs over at least one network, orover two separate networks 13 and 15. The first and second networks 13and 15 are configured to operate independent of one another withoutinterference therebetween. For example, each network 13, 15 may have adifferent carrier frequency (e.g., 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.4 GHz and thelike) and/or different communications protocol. As another example, eachnetwork 13 and 15 may operate at very close carrier frequencies (e.g.,2.400 GHz and 2.480 GHz) that constitute separate channels within acommon general frequency ranges. As another example, each network 13 and15 may operate at permitted or mandated frequencies, such as frequenciesabove 900 MHz. As another example, one or both of the first and secondnetworks 13 and 15 may be assigned code division multiple access (CDMA)codes or different sets of channels at a common carrier frequency or atoverlapping communications pass bands.

Each of the first and second networks 13 and 15 may be bidirectional tosupport transmission and reception within the first network 13 andtransmission and reception within the second network 15. Alternatively,one of the first and second networks 13 and 15 may be bidirectional,while the other of the first and second networks 13 and 15 is onlycapable of one of transmission and reception at the portable devices 20.As a further option, the first and second networks 13 and 15 may beassigned frequencies and bandwidths that exhibit different range andpropagation properties through structures (e.g., walls, doors, hallways,floors, stairwells, elevators, etc.). For example, the first network 13may be assigned a frequency, bandwidth and effective radiated power(ERP) that affords longer range capabilities (e.g., up to 2 miles), butexperiences substantial attenuation when encountering structures (e.g.,walls, ceilings, etc.). As another example, the second network 15 may beassigned a frequency, bandwidth and ERP that affords shorter rangecapabilities (e.g., up to 500 yards), but experiences very littleattenuation when encountering rigid structures. In FIG. 1, the firstnetwork 13 is shown in solid lines, while the second network 15 is shownin dashed lines. The first and second networks 13 and 15 may besupported by all or only a portion of the portable devices 20.

Optionally, each portable device 20 may be interconnected with, orincorporated into, other systems or equipment carried by firefighters,soldiers, emergency workers, or other users. For example, firefightersand many other emergency services personnel typically carry a breathingapparatus when entering a dangerous environment. There are differenttypes of breathing apparatus, with which the portable device 20 may beutilized. Examples of such breathing apparatus include a portable airpurifying respirator (PAPR), a self-contained breathing apparatus(SCBA), a non-powered air purifying respirator (APR), a hose line, anycombination thereof and the like. The examples described hereafter arein connection with a SCBA, but it is understood that any other breathingapparatus or combination may be substituted therefore.

Each portable device 20 may be integrated into a SCBA to form aninterconnected, comprehensive safety and communications system thatincludes the SCBA, a portable device 20 and a number of additionalcomponents. The portable devices 20 receive SCBA and more generallyon-board system data from equipment carried by the user. The on-boardsystem data provides information related to the SCBA, status to theperformance, to the environment and the like.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary mobile emergency system 16carried by a firefighter or another emergency services worker. Asillustrated therein, the system 16 may include a collection offirefighting or safety equipment, including a high-pressure air tank104, mounted on a backpack 100, as well as headgear 105 that is worn onthe user's head and connected to the air tank 104 by an air supply/dataline 102. The line 102 supplies breathable air from the air tank 104 tothe user's mouth and nose and power/data communications to a heads-updisplay 107. The backpack 100 includes a belt 115 and shoulder straps117.

The system 16 includes a Personal Alert Safety System (“PASS”) system420, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”) device 410, a video camera 460and a “heads-up” display (“HUD”) 107. The PASS system 420 may includeboth a PASS unit 430 and a separate PASS control console 450. The PASSunit 430 may be carried in a recess in the user's backpack 100, whilethe PASS control console 450 hangs from the end of a pressure data line106, connected via a pressure reducer to the air tank 104, and areinforced electronics cable sheath 103. The sheath 103 includes anelectronics cable that interconnects the PASS unit 430 to the PASScontrol console 450 and PDA device 410. In the example of FIG. 2, PASSsystem 420 is shown to be distributed at two locations within the system16, namely at the end of pressure/data line 104 and at the base of thetank 104 on belt 115. Optionally, the PASS unit 430 and PASS controlconsole 450 may be co-located within the system 16.

The HUD 107 is connected to the other electronic components via anelectronics cable may be integral with the air supply/data line 102.However, the cable may also be separate from the air supply line 102.The HUD 107 displays various information, such as an indication of theamount of air remaining in the tank 104, instructions/informationreceived from the command gateway 12 and/or from other portable devices20, and the like. The air tank information may be gathered via apressure transducer located in the outlet pathway of the tank 104.Optionally, the HUD 107 includes four LED's corresponding to the tank104 being 1/4 full, ½ full, ¾ full and completely full.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a portion of the system 16 of FIG. 2. InFIG. 3, the portable device 20 is joined to the HUD device 107 throughair supply/data line 102, and is joined to the air tank 104 through apressure sensor line 105. The portable device 20 includes one or more ofthe camera 460, PDA device 410, PASS control console 450 and PASS unit430. The PASS control console and unit 450 and 430 are interconnectedthrough a communications bus 109 that is provided within the electroniccable sheath 103 (FIG. 2). The PASS unit 430 includes a motion sensor 45and an air sensor 46. The motion sensor 45 detects motion of the system16, while the air sensor 46 detects the air pressure in the tank 104.The PDA device 410 is communicatively coupled to the PASS controlconsole 450, and the camera 460 is communicatively coupled to the PDAdevice 410.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the internal functionality of one of theportable devices 20 of FIG. 1. The portable device 20 includes a mastercontrol section 30 (also referred to as a back-frame), the PASS controlconsole 450, the PASS unit 430 and two wireless communication sections50, 60. The control section 30 may be housed within the PDA device 410or elsewhere. The control section 30 includes a master, core or consolemicroprocessor 32, a plurality of user input mechanisms 33, such as pushbuttons, a plurality of user indicators 34, such as LED's, and a display35. An RF ID circuit 37 is connected to the microprocessor 32. The RF IDcircuit 37 allows a user of the system 16 to log in and map theindividual user's name or other identification information to a specificdevice 20 and/or system 16. The RFID circuit 37 is optional. When used,the RFID circuit 37 reads a tag provided to the user. The tag containspersonal information including the user's name, seat position, jobresponsibility and the like. At the beginning of each shift, the user'stag is read through the RFID circuit 37 by the PASS control console 450(FIG. 3) or by the PDA device 410. The tag information is transmitted tothe laptop computer 14. The laptop computer 14 then constructs a mapstoring a one-to-one correlation between each user's individual taginformation and a unique device ID stored on board the portable device20 and associated with an individual system 16. The device ID may alsoconstitute a radio ID.

The PASS control console 450 includes a microprocessor 42, inputs 43, 44and a plurality of user indicators 47, such as LED's. The inputs 43 and44 receive signals from a motion sensor 45 and an air sensor 46 in thePASS unit 430 over the communications bus 109. Optionally, the motionsensor 45 and air sensor 46 may be provided within the PASS controlconsole 450. When the air sensor 46 is located at the PASS controlconsole 450, an air pressure line is provided between the tank 104 andthe PASS control console 450. The microprocessor 42 of the PASS controlconsole 450 is communicably connected with the microprocessor 32 of thecontrol section 30 by a first communications bus 49. The portable device20 is battery powered with replaceable or rechargeable batteries 61.

Each wireless communication section 50, 60, may include separatemicroprocessors 52, 62, RF micro devices 53, 63, and antennas 54, 64,respectively. In addition, the first wireless communication section 50includes inputs from other devices, such as a digital compass 57 and atemperature sensor 58. The microprocessor 52 of the first wirelesscommunication section 50 is communicably connected with themicroprocessor 32 of the control section 30 by the communications bus65, while the microprocessor 62 of the second wireless communicationsection 60 is communicably connected with the microprocessor 32 of thecontrol section 30 by a communications bus 67.

Each portable device 20 normally operates as follows. Data fromthroughout the system 16, such as the remaining capacity of the air tank104 and the status of the PASS unit 430, is continually or regularlygathered via the PASS system 420 and relayed by the PASS control console450 to the core microprocessor 32 via the first communications bus 49.The core microprocessor 32 performs general functions such as analyzingreceived data, displaying received data or other information on thedisplay 35, providing status or alarm indications to users via the LEDs34, and receiving user input or control instructions via the pushbuttons 33. In addition, the core microprocessor 32 formats/packetizesdata, including data received from the PASS system 420, and provides thepacketized data to the first and second wireless communication sections50 and 60 via the communications buses 65 and 67.

The microprocessor 32 formats and packetizes the data based on separateprotocols associated with the first and second networks 13 and 15. Thus,data to be transmitted over the first network 13 is formatted andpacketized based on a first protocol, while data to be transmitted overthe second network 15 is formatted and packetized based on a secondprotocol.

When the first wireless microprocessor 52 receives data from themicroprocessor 32, the data is packaged into one or more data packetsfor transmission via the first wireless communications network 13. Ifthe received data is simply status data, then the cumulative size of thepackets may be relatively small. However, other types of data, such asaudio or video transmissions may be packetized into a series of packetsthat form a large stream. The microprocessor 52 forwards the packetizeddata to the RF micro device 53 which drives the antenna 54 to broadcastthe data packets over the wireless communications network 13. Forexample, the RF micro-device 53 may include a local oscillator that isup converted or down converted to a frequency corresponding to thecarrier frequency associated with the first communications network 13.The carrier frequency is modulated or otherwise mixed with thepacketized data to form an RF data stream (or single RF data packet)that is broadcast by the antenna 54. The RF micro-device 53 may transmitand receive over a common frequency. Alternatively, the RF micro-device53 may transmit and receive over different frequencies.

In certain instances, the RF micro-device 53 may receive data packetsfrom different portable devices 20 at overlapping times. The RFmicro-device 53 discriminates between multiple received by processingthe first data packet received and ignoring the overlapping data packetthat arrived second in time.

Also, between transmissions, the first wireless communication section 50intermittently monitors in-coming wireless transmissions via the antenna54 and RF micro device 53. Wireless transmissions are received fromother portable devices 20 or equipment in the first wirelesscommunications network 13, such as the command gateway 12. Optionally,wireless transmissions may also be received from other types ofcommunication devices that may also be incorporated into the network 13.The RF micro-device 53 performs signal processing filtering, downconverting and other operations upon the received data. The RFmicro-device 53 extracts, from the received RF signal, the modulateddata packets. Data packets are passed from the RF micro-device 53 to themicroprocessor 52, which frames the data packets and examines the datawithin the data packets to determine whether the portable device 20 isthe intended recipient of the data or not.

Each device 20 is assigned a unique device ID that is stored at themicroprocessor 52. Received data streams include at least one datapacket that includes a destination device ID of the portable device 20to which the data stream is addressed. The microprocessor 52 comparesthe destination device ID within a received data stream to the storeddevice ID of the device 20. When the received data stream is addressedto the device 20, the data is relayed by the microprocessor 52 to thecore microprocessor 32. Alternatively, when the data stream is notaddressed to the device 20, the data is returned to the RF micro device53 and antenna 54 for rebroadcast. In this way, packetized data from thevarious portable devices 20 may be relayed between other devices 20 andthe command gateway 12 over the first communications network 13. Thisreduces the transmission range required of the first wirelesscommunication section 50, which in turn reduces the power requirementsof the device 20 as a whole.

The second wireless communications section 60 operates in a mannersimilar to section 50, but over a separate second network 15. Thesection 60 includes a microprocessor 62 that communicates with the coremicroprocessor 32 over communications bus 67. The microprocessor 62passed outgoing data to an RF micro-device 63 over link 69 fortransmission by the antenna 64 over the second network 15. The antenna64 and RF micro-device 63 monitor the second network 15 for incomingwireless transmissions. When data is received over the second network,the microprocessor 62 compares a device ID in the received data streamwith a stored device ID. When the stored and received device IDs match,the received data is passed to the core microprocessor 32. When thestored and received device IDs do not match, the received data isrebroadcast by the RF micro-device 63 and antenna 64 over the secondnetwork 15. The RF micro-device 63 may transmit and receive at a commoncarrier frequency. However, the carrier frequency of the RF micro-device63 may differ from the carrier frequency of the RF micro-device 53. Whenoverlapping data packets are received, the RF micro-device 63 alsoprocesses the first data packet detected.

Optionally, the functionality of the RF microprocessors 52 and 62 may becombined into a single microprocessor or software module operating onthe core microprocessor 32. Optionally, the functionality of the RFmicro-devices 53 and 63 may be combined into a single RF device thatdrives a single antenna or both of antennas 54 and 64. Optionally, thefunctionality of the RF micro devices 53 and 63 may be integrated intothe RF microprocessor 52 and 62, respectively. Similarly, the RFmicroprocessors 52 and 62, and RF micro-devices 53 and 63 may all becombined into a common integrated component.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary data format 500 for the protocolassociated with the first network 13. The data format 500 is utilized bythe microprocessor 52 to packetize data transmitted over the firstnetwork 13 to and from the laptop computer 14. The data format 500includes a series of fields, each of which may include one or more bitsor bytes depending upon the amount of data bits needed to convey theassociated type of information. By way of example, each of the fieldsillustrated in FIG. 5 may be one byte in length.

The data format 500 includes a label field 502 that includes the deviceor radio ID associated with the device 20 that is transmitting the datapacket. For example, the label field 502 may identify a device 20 or thelaptop computer 14. A name/seat position field 504 includes a personalidentification of an individual system 16. The personal identificationmay constitute a SCBA radio ID and the like. A pressure data field 506includes information indicating the amount of air remaining in air tank104 (e.g. ¼, ½, ¾ and full levels). The pressure data field 506 may bepopulated by the microprocessor 32 based on an air sensor reading froman air sensor 46. The temperature data field 508 includes informationindicating the ambient air temperature surrounding the user of theequipments 16. The temperature data field 508 may be filled by themicroprocessor 32 based upon information from the temperature sensor 58that is conveyed to the microprocessor 32 via the microprocessor 52 andcommunications bus 65.

Altitude data field 510 includes information indicating a detectedaltitude surrounding the user and equipment 16. The altitude data field510 is filled by the microprocessor 32 based upon readings at thealtitude sensor 55. A batter voltage field 512 is included to indicate ameasured battery voltage of the battery source 61 that is used toprovide power to the device 20. An alarm field 514 is included toprovide an on/off alarm status associated with a particular device 20.The alarm field 514 may indicate that an individual device 20 hasmanually or automatically initiated an alarm. Alternatively, the laptopcomputer 14 may use the alarm field 514 to instruct a device 20 toactivate its alarm. An evacuate acknowledge field 516 is used by thedevice 20 to acknowledge receipt from the laptop computer 14 of aninstruction to evacuate. A withdrawal button status field 518 providesan on/off indication of whether an individual device 20 has beenautomatically or manually designated by the laptop computer 14 to bewithdrawn.

In some configurations, an elapsed time for each of the SCBAs from poweron must be kept at portable command gateway 18. For example, andreferring to FIG. 6, when a portable device 20 is first powered on, theportable command gateway 18 logs the current time. A column (not shown,as it is out of scroll range to the right in FIG. 6) on the main screen2100 displays the elapsed time for each portable device 20. The time maybe displayed in minutes. If the portable command gateway 18 losescommunication with a portable device 20, the portable device maycontinue to be displayed at the portable command gateway 18, but may be‘grayed out’ to indicate ‘out of range.’ Each of the firefighters at thescene with an air pack may have a unique ID assigned that can bedisplayed on the main screen (e.g., labeled Firefighter x in FIG. 6).Every member of personnel at the scene may be displayed and the screenmay up and down where necessary. The status of each of the firefighter'sPASS systems 420 may be displayed on screen. A PASS system 420 may, forexample, display in red when in alarm, and in green when in a normalstatus. A “track” field may indicate the status of locator radios. Whenin alarm, the track field may also be displayed in red. The track fielddisplays the status of each firefighter's air tank 104 status. Air tank104 status may be shown as a simulated LED array 2102 in someconfigurations, in order, from left to right, R-A-G-G where R indicatesRed, A indicates Amber and G indicates Green. Air tank status may, forexample, be indicated as full by both green simulated LEDs on, while asingle green may indicated three quarters full, a single amber mayindicate one half full, and a single red may indicate one quarter full.GUI 2100 may display various status updates to an Incident Commander. AnEVAC ALL (Evacuate all) button 2104 may be provided that causes anevacuation signal to be sent to all of the firefighters at the scene.When activated, GUI 2100 may show all firefighters IDs in red until theEVAC acknowledge feedback has been received at the portable commandgateway 18. Request and acknowledge messages may be displayed in theoutput window. An E may be displayed in the Node ID field (i.e. (E)) toindicate evacuation mode. The E may not be displayed until the basestation receives an EVAC ACK (Evacuation Acknowledgement) from the userwhich may be initiated at the console by, for example, depressing theRESET button twice. This information may then be transmitted to thegateway command station 18. An EVAC IND (Evacuate individual) button2106 may be provided to produce an evacuation signal to one or moreindividual firefighters. To activate, the user may click and highlightindividual firefighter IDs. When activated, the display may show thefirefighters IDs in red until the EVAC acknowledge feedback has beenreceived at the gateway command station 18. Request and acknowledgemessages may be displayed in the output window 2108. An E may bedisplayed in the Node ID field (i.e. (E)) to indicate evacuation mode.The E may not be displayed until the base station receives an EVAC ACKfrom the user which is initiated at the console by depressing the RESETbutton twice. This information may then be transmitted to the gatewaycommand station. A user may click a REFRESH button to update all thescreen information to the current status. An automatic screen refreshrate of 20 seconds can be provided in some configurations. The consolemay include a Withdrawal button to allow the user to inform thecommander that he or she is leaving the scene for reasons of personalsafety. The withdrawal button status may be indicated on the screen by aW displayed in the Node ID field (i.e. (W)) to indicate Withdrawal mode.In some configurations and referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the user mayclick on the SHOW LINKS 2110 button to display a GUI screen 2200 showingall nodes 2202 representing firefighters in the mesh network 13 and thesignal strengths between the individual nodes 2202. The signal strengthsmay be indicated, for example, by the lines 2204 (only a few of whichare labeled in FIG. 7) between the nodes in different colors. Referringto FIGS. 6 and 8, the user may click on the LOCATE button 2112 todisplay a GUI screen 2300 showing a locator node 2302 that is in alarmcondition and the neighboring nodes 2202 receiving the alarm signal. Anode 2302 will be highlighted in RED when any of the Node IDs are inPASS alarm. A node may be highlighted in AMBER when any of the Node IDsare in 1/4 bottle air condition or less.

Thus, in this exemplary configuration, the GUI is configured to indicateportable devices 20 of emergency services personnel in an alarmcondition. At least when requested by a user of the portable gatewayapparatus 18, or, in some configurations, automatically and withoutfurther command by a user, the GUI can be configured to indicateemergency services personnel who are neighbors 2304 in effectivecommunication with an emergency services personnel in an alarm condition2302. Whether a radio link exists can be determined by signal strength,bit error rates, and/or other suitable objective measurements. Forexample, signal strength at the radio of the person signaling the alarmmay be indicated by transferring a signal strength indication at thatradio to the portable gateway apparatus. Such a measure of signalstrength can be taken as a function indicative of a distance between theneighbor and the emergency services personnel in the alarm condition, assignal strength, under ideal conditions, is proportional to the inversesquare of the distance, all other factors being equal. Non-idealconditions may make this relationship inexact, as, for example,obstructions in an RF path may further reduce signal strength. However,the presence of obstructions may increase the actual distance a neighbormay have to travel to reach and render aid to the person in the alarmcondition.

In the exemplary configuration, the GUI may be configured to display anindication of the type of alarm condition. Also, in some configurations,the GUI is or can be configured to display status information of theemergency services personnel. For example, the status information mayinclude an indication of at least one of air or oxygen remaining in atank or local temperature.

In some configurations and referring to FIG. 9, the GUI is used toprovide a user with a selection 2400 of building drawings. The user canselect a building drawing most like the emergency site (e.g., a singlestory building, a two-story building, a three-story building, athree-story building with a basement, etc.) and can then drag and dropicons 2402 representing personnel representations in the node map 2404into user-selected positions in a selected building drawing orrepresentation 2406, where they are then displayed. This feature allowsa user to keep track of the location of emergency services personnelrepresented in a node map, and can be particularly useful whencompatible automatic real-time location devices are not available.

In another possible implementation (not illustrated), the display screenmay be subdivided into a plurality of separate areas, and node icons maybe distributed between the various areas on some meaningful basis. Forexample, each area could represent a different physical location aroundthe incident scene, such as the rear of a burning building, the roof ofthe building, the first floor of the building, or the front of thebuilding. Alternatively, each area could represent a different firedepartment or other organizational unit, or any of a wide variety ofother distinguishing factors. Although communications links may andoften will still exist between devices 20 represented by node icons inthe different areas of the display screen, positioning their icons inthe different areas may make it easier for a user to read and interpretthe information presented by the display screen as a whole. Optionally,the different areas of the display screen may be provided with labels.The labels may be established ahead of time or may be manually selectedor established on the scene by the user.

In yet another implementation (not illustrated), the display screen mayinclude a physical depiction of the incident scene itself. The physicaldepiction may be a blueprint for a building, a map or site plan of anarea of land, or the like. Such a physical depiction may be provided bya building superintendent or landowner, or may be downloaded from acentral database, either upon arrival at the scene or ahead of time.Node icons may be placed on the physical depiction manually or may beplaced and controlled automatically using GPS or other physical locationdetermining means using conventional software and hardware components.

An example will be described in which the system 10 operates to performan emergency search to locate a device 20 that has lost communicationwith the laptop computer 14 over the first network 13.

FIG. 10 illustrates an emergency search processing sequence 600 carriedout by the portable device 20 when shifted to an emergency mode ofoperation. At 602, the microprocessor 52 of the first wirelesscommunication section 50 receives an alarm message, via the firstwireless communications network 13, instructing all portable devices 20to search for a particular portable device 21, sometimes referred tohereinafter as the “target” device, via a second wireless communicationsnetwork 15. This situation may occur in any of several situations.First, the alarm message may be triggered by the target device 21itself, either manually (e.g., by the user to which the device 21 isassigned, or by other nearby personnel) or automatically (e.g.,according to a predetermined condition or set of conditions, such as a“motionless” state as detected by the PASS unit 430). Alternatively, thealarm message may be generated by the command gateway 12, either inresponse to a particular message from the target device 21, or upon thedetection of certain conditions by either the command gateway 12, theassociated laptop computer 14, or by command and control personnelinteracting with the laptop computer 14 or gateway 12.

Regardless of the origination of the alarm message, once the coremicroprocessor 32 identifies a received alarm message it activates thesecond wireless communication section 60, at 604. At 606, one ofmicroprocessors 32 and 62 determine whether the receiving device 20 isthe target device 21. When the portable device 20 receiving theinstruction is not the target device 21 itself, then upon activation,the microprocessor 62 of the second wireless communication section 60,at 608, instructs the RF micro device 63 to broadcast a search messageincluding a destination device ID of the target device 21. The searchmessage identifies the target device 21 and requests the target device21 to respond upon receiving the message. The search messages arereceived by devices 20 and target device 21 at 610. Next, flow returnsto 606.

When, at 606, it is determined that the receiving device 20 is thetarget device 21, the operation of the target device 21 itself issomewhat different. If the target device 21 receives either an alarmmessage, via the first wireless communications network 13, or a searchmessage, via the second wireless communications network 15, then thetarget device 21 operates its second wireless communication section 60to transmit a reply message at 612, over the second wirelesscommunications network 15, indicating its presence.

Meanwhile, at 614, other portable devices 20 use respective emergencywireless communication sections 60 to monitor for wireless transmissionsfrom the target device 21 transmitted over the second wirelesscommunications network 15. When a reply message from the target device21 is received by one of the other portable devices 20, at 616, thereceiving device 20 generates a new direct contact message fortransmission to the command gateway 12 over the first network 13. Thedirect contact message includes target device reply information and isused to inform the command gateway 12 that the device 20 has made directcontact with the target device 21. At the same time, the receivingdevice 20 continues to gather status information from its own integratedsystem 16 or the like, and to transmit the status information to thecommand gateway 12 using the first wireless communication section 50.Thus, the target device reply information may be incorporated into anormal status message, or may be sent independently. Regardless, thetarget device reply information is transmitted using the first wirelesscommunication section 50 over the first wireless communications network13, which has a longer range than the second wireless communicationsection 60. In accordance with the above process, the target devicereply information is repacketized and broadcast over the first wirelesscommunications network 13.

Optionally, the portable devices 20 making direct contact with thetarget device 21 via the second wireless communications network 15 mayuse the reply message from the target device 21 to calculate anestimated distance between the receiving device 20 and the target device21. The distance between a receiving device 20 and the target device 21may be calculated based on signal strength, time of flight and/or timedifference of arrival. For time difference of arrival, the location ofthe target device 21 is calculated relative to positions of otherdevices 20 that each receive the reply message. In the foregoingexamples, each device 20 that receives the reply message also recordswith the reply message a time stamp of a time at which the reply messagewas received. The portable devices 20 and/or laptop computer 14 comparesmultiple time stamps from different receiving devices 20 to determinetime differences between the points in time at which each receivingdevice 20 received the reply message. The time differences are then usedto estimate a location of the target device 21 relative to the receivingdevices 20.

When the location of the target device 21 is based on time of flight,the target device 21 may include the reply message and time stampindicating when the reply message was sent. The receiving devices 20 mayalso record a time stamp for when a reply message is received. Acomparison of the time stamps from the target device 21 and receivingdevices 20 provides an estimated distance or range from the targetdevice 21 to each receiving device 20.

In some configurations of the present invention and referring to againto FIG. 1, the portable devices 20 may have a second transceiverconfigured to communicate over a second network 15 independent of thefirst network 13. The portable device 20 may be further configured totime stamp and to store in a log file event information relating to theportable device 20, the emergency services personnel carrying saidportable device, or both. The log file is stored in portable device 20,for example, in a circular buffer. Also, the PCMCIA or smaller card 12may have a second radio thereon configured to communicate over thesecond network 15 to download the log file stored in the portabledevices 20 to be carried by emergency services personnel. This downloadmay proceed via a link using the second radio. The log file thustransmitted may be stored in the portable computer 14. The second radiomay be configured to completely download a log file stored in one of theportable devices 20 without interruption before proceeding to download alog file stored in another of the portable devices 20. Also, the secondradio may be configured to select, from the portable devices 20 withinradio communication range, which portable device 20 is to initiate adownload of a log file. The second radio can operate (i.e., transmitand/or receive) data at a frequency at or above 900 MHz, for example. Insome configurations, the second radio can operate within authorizedbands at approximately 900 MHz or at approximately 2.4 GHz.

Advantageously, it is not necessary for the portable computer 14 even tobe the same room as the portable devices 20 to download the log files.In some configurations of the present invention, for example, the methodincludes portable devices 20 in a first room (for example, a garage or astorage area) into a mode in which log files can be downloaded, anddownloading the log files to the portable computer 14 in a differentroom, such as an indoor office with a desk. The downloads can thenproceed automatically.

The first wireless communication section 50 of each of the variousportable devices 20, including that of the target device 21,continuously operate. Thus, as described previously, messages are sentand repeatedly received over the first wireless communications network13. When a message is received, each device's dedicated microprocessor52 determines whether it is the intended recipient for any of thevarious messages and, if not, retransmits the message back over thefirst communications network 13. Eventually, each message, includingmessages pertaining to the location of the target device 21, is thustransmitted and retransmitted to its intended recipient, which istypically the command gateway 12.

Throughout the process of FIG. 10, the devices 20 may communicate overcorresponding predetermined channels. Alternatively, the devices 20 maycommunicate utilizing frequency hopping between channels. Each of thefirst and second networks supports bidirectional communications.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the exemplary system of FIG. 1 innormal operation, using the first wireless communications network 13, ina typical environment. In FIG. 11, the various devices 20 of FIG. 1(Devices A-G) are communicating normally with each other via the firstwireless communications network 13. Notably, each device 20 is capableof communicating with only a subset of the total number of devices 20 inthe network, but all devices 20 are connected indirectly with thecommand gateway 12.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram similar to that of FIG. 11, illustratingthe transmission of an alarm message 17 to the various devices 20. InFIG. 12, one of the devices 20 (Device E) is no longer able tocommunicate with any of the other devices 20 over the first network 13for some reason. The laptop computer 14 determines that communicationhas been lost with device E. In response thereto, the laptop computer 14broadcasts an alarm message 17 over the first network 13. The alarmmessage 17 includes the unique device ID of device E. The alarm message17 is being propagated from the command gateway 12 through the firstnetwork 13, as shown by the arrows following the network connectionpaths. Each device 20 that receives the alarm message 17 over the firstnetwork 13, repeats the alarm message 17 of the first network 13. Inaddition, each device 20 that receives the alarm message 17, broadcastsa search message 23 (FIG. 13) over the second network 13.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram similar to that of FIG. 11, illustratingthe transmission of search messages 23 by the devices 20 (devices A-Dand F-G). The messages 23 are sent over the second wirelesscommunications network 15. The search messages 23 represent messagessent separate and apart from the first network 13. The search message 23includes the device ID of the destination device E. FIG. 14 is aschematic diagram similar to that of FIG. 11, illustrating thetransmission of a reply message 25 from the target device 21 over thesecond network 15. The target device 21 was close enough to receive thesearch message 23, via the second network 15, from Device A, Device D orboth. The device E determines that the search message 23 is directed todevice E. Thus, in response, device E broadcasts a reply message 25 overthe second network 15. When devices A and D receive the reply message25, devices A and D broadcast target device reply information 27 overthe first network 13 that includes the device ID of the devices A and D,a time stamp for when the reply message 25 was received by device A or Dand the reply message.

FIG. 15 illustrates the transmission of target device reply information27 reporting communication with the target device 21. Devices A and Breceived the reply message 25 from the target device 21 (Device E),established communication with Device E via the second network 15, andare meanwhile transmitting target device reply information 27 aboutDevice E (including its estimated location) back through the otherdevices 20 to the command gateway 12 via the first wirelesscommunications network 13. The devices 20 may pass the reply information27 between multiple devices 20 before reaching the laptop computer 14.As the reply information 27 is passed from device to device (e.g.,device A to device B to device F), each device appends its device ID tothe end of the message. Thus, when the laptop computer 14 receives areply message 27, the laptop computer 14 is able to determine thecomplete path along which the reply information 27 progressed to reachlaptop computer 14. The two networks 13, 15 thus work in concert toavoid overloading either network and to maintain communications linkswith each device 20.

FIG. 16 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communicationssystem 1200 formed in accordance with an alternative embodiment. Thecommunications system 1200 includes a base station 1202, a consolemodule 1204 and a PAK module 1206. The console and PAK modules 1204 and1206 communicate with one another over a communications bus 1208. Theconsole module 1204 includes a transceiver 1210 that includes an RFintegrated circuit (RFIC) 1212 that controls a power amp 1214 to drivean antenna 1216. The transceiver 1210 bidirectionally communicates overthe first network 13 (FIG. 1) to transmit and receive various types ofdata, such as temperature, pressure, alarm status information 1218-1220and the like. The transceiver 1210 receives various types of informationfrom the base station 1202, such as evacuation instructions andacknowledgement signals 1222 and 1224 (e.g., in response to a messagefrom a user that the user desires to withdraw or is having anemergency).

The transceiver 1210 communicates over a serial data link 1226 with aprocessor 1228 that is configured to perform console and heads-updisplay management functions. The processor 1228 receives inputs from apressure sensor 1230, a temperature sensor 1232, a compass and altimetersensor 1234 and the like. An RFID circuit 1236 provides user informationto the processor 1228. The RFID circuit 1236 allows the user to log inand map their names/identification to a specific system. The processor1228 communicates with the RF IC 1212 to receive status information tobe communicated to the base station 1202. A series of switched (e.g.,reed switches, push buttons and the like) are provided on the system tobe activated by the user to manually activate various functions, such asa withdrawal switch 1238, an emergency switch 1240 and reset switch1242. The processor 1228 controls a series of LCDs 1244 and a LCDdisplay 1246.

The PAK module 1206 also includes a transceiver 1260 that communicatesover the second network 15 with the base station 1202 and other devices.The transceiver 1260 includes a RF IC 1262 that controls the poweramplifier 1264 to transmit over an antenna 1266. A serial data link 1276is provided between the RF IC 1262 and a PASS processor 1278. The PASSprocessor 1278 receives an input signal from a motion sensor 1280 andcontrols a piezo element 1282 to produce an audible sound during certainmodes of operation.

The transceiver 1260 receives, among other things, distress messages1284 from other devices, including the device ID of the transmitting PAKmodule 1206. The transceiver 1260 rebroadcasts the distress messages1286 along with the device ID of the device from which the distressmessage originated.

During operation, when a user activates the emergency push button 1240,the processor 1228 informs the PAK module 1206 that the emergency statushas been activated. In response thereto, the PASS processor 1278 withinthe PAK module 1206 activates a full alarm condition with the audiblealarm being generated over the piezo 1282. In addition, a visible alarmis produced at the LCD display 1246 and an emergency message istransmitted over one or both of the first and second networks 13 and 15by the transceivers 1210 and 1260, respectively.

When the user activates the withdrawal switch 1238, such activationindicates that the user wishes to exit from the building. The user maypush the withdrawal switch 1238 to inform an operator at the basestation 1202 of the user's desire to exit. When the withdrawal switch1238 is activated, the processor 1228 instructs the transceiver 1210 toconvey over the first network 13 a withdrawal message. The consolemodule 1204 and PAK module 1206 may be programmed wirelessly over one orboth of the first and second networks 13 and 15.

Next, some exemplary communications between the console and PAK modules1204 and 1206 are described. An evacuation message may be initiated atthe base station 1202 and transmitted over the first network 13 to thetransceiver 1210. The processor 1228 identifies the evacuation messageand conveys an evacuation notification signal to the PASS processor 1278of the PAK module 1206. The PASS processor 1278 replies with anacknowledgment (evac. acknowledge signal) to the console module 1204which then transmit the “evac. acknowledge signal” back to the basestation 1202. The “evac. acknowledge signal” is initiated manually bythe user, such as by pressing the reset switch 1242 to acknowledgereceipt of the evacuation signal and that an evacuation is initiated.

When the PAK module 1206 enters an alarm condition, the PASS processor1278 conveys an alarm signal to the processor 1228. The console module1204 then transmits the alarm status to the base station 1202 over thefirst network 13.

When the user activates one of the emergency reset buttons 1240 and1242, the processor 1228 provides an interrupt to the PASS processor1278 of PAK module 1206. Pressure data from the pressure sensor 1230 ispassed through the processor 1228 to the PASS processor 1278 of the PAKmodule 1206 and to the transceiver 1210. The transceiver 1210 conveysthe pressure data, once properly formatted into packetized data to thebase station 1202. Optionally, the LCD display 1246 may display upondemand from the user, an amount of time remaining for the air tank. TheLCD display may not continuously display the air time remaininginformation to conserve power. The user may press the reset switch 1242in order to initiate display of the time remaining information.

While the above examples are provided in terms of processors andmicro-devices, it is understood that the processors and micro-devicesmerely constitute functional modules that may be implemented in discretelogic, hardware, firm ware, software, in a single CPU, in multiple CPUs,in FPGAs and the like.

Based on the foregoing information, it is readily understood by thosepersons skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible ofbroad utility and application. Many embodiments and adaptations of thepresent invention other than those specifically described herein, aswell as many variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements,will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by the present inventionand the foregoing descriptions thereof, without departing from thesubstance or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, while thepresent invention has been described herein in detail in relation to itspreferred embodiment, it is to be understood that this disclosure isonly illustrative and exemplary of the present invention and is mademerely for the purpose of providing a full and enabling disclosure ofthe invention. The foregoing disclosure is not intended to be construedto limit the present invention or otherwise exclude any such otherembodiments, adaptations, variations, modifications or equivalentarrangements; the present invention being limited only by the claimsappended hereto and the equivalents thereof. Although specific terms areemployed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense onlyand not for the purpose of limitation.

While the invention has been described in terms of various specificembodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the inventioncan be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of theclaims.

1. A communications system for emergency services personnel, the systemcomprising: portable devices to be carried by emergency servicespersonnel while at an emergency site, the portable devices each havingat least a first transceiver configured to communicate over a firstnetwork, wherein the portable devices communicate with one another; anda portable gateway apparatus comprising a portable computer having agraphical user interface (GUI) and a PCMCIA card having at least a firstradio thereon configured to communicate over said first network toobtain status information from said portable devices carried by theemergency services personnel, and said GUI configured to communicatewith said PCMCIA card to display a node map indicating communicationlinks between said portable devices carried by the emergency servicespersonnel.
 2. A communications system in accordance with claim 1 whereinsaid GUI is configured to indicate portable devices of emergencyservices personnel in an alarm condition.
 3. A communications system inaccordance with claim 2 wherein, at least when requested by a user ofthe portable gateway apparatus, said GUI is configured to indicateemergency services personnel who are neighbors in effectivecommunication with an emergency services personnel in an alarmcondition.
 4. A communications system in accordance with claim 3 whereinsaid GUI is further configured to display a function indicative of adistance between at least one neighbor and the emergency servicespersonnel in the alarm condition.
 5. A communications system inaccordance with claim 3 wherein said GUI is configured to display anindication of the type of alarm condition.
 6. A communications system inaccordance with claim 1 wherein said GUI is configured to display statusinformation of the emergency services personnel.
 7. A communicationssystem in accordance with claim 6 wherein said status informationincludes an indication of at least one of air remaining in a tank andlocal temperature.
 8. A communications system in accordance with claim 1wherein said portable devices to be carried by emergency servicespersonnel have a second transceiver configured to communicate over asecond network, wherein the first and second networks are independent ofone another, and said portable device further configured to time stampand store in a log file, event information relating to said portabledevice, the emergency services personnel carrying said portable device,or both; and further wherein said PCMCIA card also has a second radiothereon configured to communicate over said second network to downloadthe log file stored in said portable devices to be carried by emergencyservices personnel via a link using the second radio and to store thelog file in said portable computer.
 9. A communications system inaccordance with claim 8 wherein said second radio is configured tocompletely download a log file stored in one of said portable deviceswithout interruption before proceeding to download a log file stored inanother of said portable devices, and to select, from said portabledevices within radio range, which said portable device is to initiate adownload of a log file.
 10. A communication system in accordance withclaim 9 wherein said second radio operates at or above 900 MHz.
 11. Acommunications system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said GUI isconfigured to provide a user with a selection of building drawings toprovide in the GUI, and to permit a user to drag and drop iconsrepresenting personnel representations in said node map intouser-selected positions in a selected said building drawing.
 12. Amethod for displaying status of a plurality of emergency servicespersonnel carrying portable devices each having at least a firsttransceiver configured to communicate over a first network, wherein theportable devices communicate with one another, said method comprising:utilizing a portable gateway apparatus comprising a portable computerand a PCMCIA card having at least a first radio thereon configured tocommunicate over said first network to obtain status information fromsaid portable devices carried by the emergency services personnel, todisplay, on a GUI, a node map indicating communication links betweensaid portable devices carried by the emergency services personnel.
 13. Amethod in accordance with claim 12 further comprising indicating, on theGUI, portable devices of emergency services personnel in an alarmcondition.
 14. A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein, at leastwhen requested by a user of the portable gateway apparatus, said GUI isconfigured to indicate emergency services personnel who are neighbors ineffective communication with an emergency services personnel in an alarmcondition.
 15. A method in accordance with claim 14, further comprising,displaying, on the GUI, further a function indicative of a distancebetween at least one neighbor and the emergency services personnel inthe alarm condition.
 16. A method in accordance with claim 14 furthercomprising displaying an indication of the type of alarm condition onthe GUI.
 17. A method in accordance with claim 12 further comprisingdisplaying status information of the emergency services personnel on theGUI.
 18. A method in accordance with claim 17 wherein said displayingstatus information comprises displaying an indication of at least one ofair remaining in a tank and local temperature.
 19. A method inaccordance with claim 12 wherein said portable devices to be carried byemergency services personnel have a second transceiver configured tocommunicate over a second network, wherein the first and second networksare independent of one another, and said method further comprising timestamping event information relating to the portable device, theemergency services personnel carrying the portable device, or both, andstoring the time-stamped event information in a log file in the portabledevice; and further wherein said PCMCIA card also has a second radiothereon configured to communicate over said second network; and saidmethod further comprising downloading the log files stored in theportable devices to be carried by emergency services personnel via aradio frequency link using the second radio and storing the log file inthe portable computer.
 20. A method in accordance with claim 19 furthercomprising completely downloading a log file stored in one of theportable devices without interruption before proceeding to download alog file stored in another of the portable devices, and to selectwithout further user intervention, from the portable devices withinradio range, which of the other portable devices is to initiate adownload of a log file.
 21. A method in accordance with claim 19 whereinthe second radio operates at or above 900 MHz.
 22. A method inaccordance with claim 19 wherein the downloading of log files furthercomprises setting portable devices in a first room into a mode in whichlog files can be downloaded, and downloading the log files to theportable computer in a different room.
 23. A method in accordance withclaim 11 further comprising using the GUI to provide a user with aselection of building drawings, and displaying dragged and dropped iconsrepresenting personnel representations in the node map in user-selectedpositions in a selected building drawing.